Database Security A Valuable Asset For Organizations And...

Abstract In this paper, the subject of database security is explored. Having a solid comprehension of database security should be considered a requirement within any organization. Data is a valuable asset for organizations and must be protected. An event can have adverse effect on a database system and must be considered a threat. This paper explores and introduces the reader to common threats to database systems and how to counter such threats. There is a strong need to control and manage data contained within a database system, and it is the role of the database management system to ensure that data is kept secure and confidential. The security of databases is more crucial today than it ever has been. Inadequate database security†¦show more content†¦Database security is the process of protect a database from unauthorized activity. Defining Database Security A database is a â€Å"collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated† (). A database management system is software that is used for creating and managing databases. This allows users a method to create, retrieve, and manage data. The database management system manages the data, the engine, and the database schema. Database security utilizes collective measures to secure and protect a database or database management software from illicit use and malicious threats and attacks. This requires a significant number of processes, tools, and methodologies that promote security within a database. Database security encompasses each component of the database including data stored in database, database server, database management system, and other database workflow applications. A database administrator is responsible for monitoring and troubleshooting database performance. They direct all personnel and activities related to maintaining the database. In most cases, it is the responsibility of the database administrator and other information security personnel to plan, implement, and maintain the security of the database. Due to more threats and risk to databases, the need to secure databases has also increased. Threats toShow MoreRelatedNational Cybersecurity Policies And Regulations Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagesto create information systems which are more effective shielded systems to protect their assets and resources at home. The foundation of any mandated cybersecurity strategies that secure our nation national security must incorporate worldwide or state local threats whether targeted toward the federal government or the private sector forces. The OPM breach highlighted the insufficient and inconsistence security approaches the federal government has already used in modernizing the existing cybersecurityRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Database Security1383 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Database security is the system, processes and procedure that protect the database from unauthorized individual or malicious attacks. The researches on database security has been increased gradually over the years as the most of critical business functionalities and military secrets became digitized. Database is an integral part of the information system and often holds the sensitive data. The database have to be protected from external connections like firewalls or routers on the networkRead MoreIn Today’S Technologically Advanced Society, Data Is An1682 Words   |  7 Pagesis an extremely valuable resource that is used daily by individuals and large corporations. Data is stored within databases to allow the process of retrieving and supervising data simplistic and efficient. Data plays a crucial role in today’s society and must be protected from all threats to maintain the data’s integrity. Security is one of the most important and challenging tasks that conc erns the entire world but provides safety and comfort for those it defends. Similarly, security in the world ofRead MoreDatabase Security and Encryption: A Survey Study3964 Words   |  16 Pages– 888) Volume 47– No.12, June 2012 Database Security and Encryption: A Survey Study Iqra Basharat Farooque Azam National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan ABSTRACT Security in today’s world is one of the important challenges that people are facing all over the world in every aspect of their lives. Similarly security in electronic world has a great significanceRead MoreDatabase Technology And Its Impact On Business Operations1577 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Database technology is one of the technologies that is every ware. We can say they almost permeate our lives: Banking, health care providers, libraries, online stores, beauty salons, travel agencies, phone companies, government agencies like FBI, INS, IRS, and NASA — they all use databases.(needs paraphrasing). The question is why are the important? They allow data to be retained and shared electronically and the amount of data contained in these systems continues to grow at an exponentialRead MoreSecurity Data And Information Security Plan Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation security plan. Not only the large companies but also small companies should think about the security before facing a lot of issues such as losing data or crashing the system. This paper will advise some security planning and techniques to assist Voit Tool Die company strengthen and improve their security protection plan. 1. Introduction: Security data and information is very important for any company in the world. Indeed, high technology environment, and organizations become moreRead MoreManaging Risks Of Managing Risk Management1710 Words   |  7 Pagesin the world of business today, and covers issues from budgets, to legal issues as well as security for a company, and these are topics that will be discussed in this study. Often the success of a company depends on the risk management skills of the team and leaders. How well risk management in business is handled will decide whether the mission of the company will be carried out and it is primary to security. This study will look at issues that are affected by risk management and draw conclusion onRead MoreWhat Is Intellectual Property?1338 Words   |  5 Pagesmanaging the IP assets is critical when establishing a product or service in the market and is often the difference between a successful or failing business. The following list identifies IP and other intangible assets that may be associated with a business: †¢ Patents and trade marks †¢ Domain names †¢ Copyright and industrial design registration †¢ Franchises and licenses †¢ Distribution agreements †¢ Newspaper mastheads/publishing rights †¢ Secret processes and formulas †¢ Information databases, includingRead MoreThe Human And Imaginative Aspects Of Cyber Threats1745 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunity and critical risk. A universities high-value sensitive data is indispensable to both, and a key asset that differentiates organizations. While it is impractical to keep it ‘locked down’ and yet open, its utilization can undermine the organization s existence. Subsequently, the challenge for IT team security personnel and college executives is striking a delicate posture being security aware and remaining business driven. The human and imaginative aspects of cyber threats changed dramaticallyRead MoreTaking a Look at Information Warfare1781 Words   |  7 Pagesis a threat for organization and their assets. (Knapp,Boulton, 2006) Information is a valuable asset for businesses and organizations. Advances in information technology facilities the storing, transferring, and modifying of data. Organizations use information technologies such as the Internet and networked technology to reduce operating costs, improve customer service, and improve productivity. However, Using the Internet has increased the number of frontier that must be protected and has bought

Lord Of The Flies By William Arthur - 1541 Words

Arthur stood by the window and gazed longingly out of it. He began daydreaming. He imagined what his knights were doing at that moment. Lancelot was probably helping some poor servant with their chores, Gwaine was probably (no, definitely) in the tavern, Elyan was probably helping a blacksmith run his forge, Leon was probably training or on duty (he always seems to be doing extra shifts), and Percival was probably lifting weights or reading. Arthur for the life of him couldn’t work out what that big guy would get up to in his spare time. His pondering was interrupted with his chamber door flying open to reveal a slightly breathless Merlin with his arms laden with food. The manservant grinned happily at the prince and laid his food on the†¦show more content†¦He was a horrible servant but he was good friend, no matter what Arthur said aloud, and being responsible for his death was not what Arthur wanted. â€Å"Are sure that it is safe?† Arthur asked cautiously. â€Å"Gaius said it was but if it isn’t I can always get you a new manservant,† Uther shrugged. â€Å"You are dismissed.† Arthur bowed and exited the dark hall. -END FLASHBACK- Now, as Arthur was eating and Merlin was folding all his master’s clothes, Arthur reached into his pocket and pulled out the tall glass bottle. He quietly popped of the top and poured singular drop of liquid into his goblet of water. â€Å"Merlin,† Merlin turned hearing his name. â€Å"Come sit here and have a drink. You look exhausted.† Merlin walked almost cautiously over to the table. â€Å"Be careful, sire. Keep this up and I might get the impression that you care about me!† Merlin jested. He sat and took the goblet from Arthur’s outstretched hand and drank deeply. Arthur watched Merlins expression as it morphed from an annoying grin to a look of disorientation or something of the like. â€Å"Merlin?† Arthur cried as his manservants eyes glazed over. â€Å"Are you alright?† â€Å"Yes,† came Merlin’s response in a monotone voice, his expression completely blank. Arthur figured that the truth serum was working in its very creepy way. â€Å"What is your name?† â€Å"Merlin† â€Å"Where did you grow up?† â€Å"Ealdor† ArthurShow MoreRelatedThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding776 Words   |  3 PagesThe novel Lord of the Flies presents the themes of evil and sin as an innate, inevitable and negative feature throughout the novel, similar to the play The Crucible. William Golding uses Lord of the Flies as an allegory to present evil and sin through different symbols within the novel, with boys being trapped on an island. Arthur Miller presents evil and sin through a contextual, Puritan society within various characters. Even though both writers present these themes, Golding presents it in theRead MoreLord of the Flies and the Crucible1355 Words   |  6 PagesSavagery, insanity and murder, one would never think that â€Å"innocent† children were capable of such appalling things, but maybe we are wrong. In both Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, and The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, both of these authors wrote about children acting as just that and many characters became very similar to each other. Each society had potential in being successful, but both had major flaws that key characters discovered and then used to tear the fragile fabric that the societyRead MoreHuman Nature And Savagery In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies1037 Words   |  5 Pagesand order are cast off, and anarchy comes in, he shows himself for what he really is. - Arthur Schopenhauer In today’s world, human behaviours are driven by the civilization preset by society. In the rare occasion that the civilization is taken away, humans unveil their true selves: animals with a savage and evil nature. In 1954, after leaving the Royal Navy, William Golding wrote his story Lord of the Flies, which focuses on a group of young boys stranded on an island after their plane crashedRead MoreLord of the Flies1264 Words   |  6 PagesLord of the Flies Essay Arthur Golden wrote â€Å"Adversity is like a strong wind. It tears away from us all but the things that cannot be torn, so that we see ourselves as we really are.† Adversities are unavoidable, and when they arise; people may not know how to handle the difficulties they are faced with. While in the middle of misfortunate situations, certain individuals reveal their true character and qualities they have that would not be present in normal circumstancesRead MoreLord of the Flies2048 Words   |  9 Pagesnovels? In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, symbols are illustrated through people, objects, and colors. In this novel, a group of children are faced with the difficulty of living isolated from society after their plane crashes on a deserted island. With no formal civilization, parents, or rules, the kids have the freedom to do as they choose. Throughout the novel, the boys find and use objects on the island that symbolize something of different importance. In Lord of the Flies, William GoldingRead MoreLord Of The Flies And The Crucible Comparison Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesFear can cause people do some crazy actions. The book, Lord of the Flies, by William Golding and the movie, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller both have many character traits in common. They both show variations of how everyone in both The Lord of the Flies and the Crucible, experience having the fear of the unknown. Each character from both the book and the movie express it in a different way. The fear of the unknown can haunt many characters. Parachute’s body and spectral evidence, Jack and AbigailRead MoreSatire Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesthe topic at hand. The author is very gentle with any criticism towards a person, institution, or issue. The effect of Horatian satire on a reader is laughter or a wry smile. Horatian satire can be found in literary works. In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, satire can be found in the actions of one character named Piggy. Piggy is the boy that is the nerd or intellectual of the group. Piggy represents the intellectuals that created that atomic bomb in WWII. Golding was strongly opposedRead MoreConflict Rises from Power Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pageschallenge authority which leads to social conflict between the two groups. Lord of the Flies a novel by William Golding about the savageness in all innocence and explores the concept of fighting for power to gain status and attitude. Power can be gained, won and fought for but the struggle for it can cause inner, social and religious conflict is explored in all three texts some the concept more clearer than others. Arthur Miller explores characters that manifest social and religious conflict initiatedRead More Conflict rises from power Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pageschallenge authority which leads to social conflict between the two groups. Lord of the Flies a novel by William Golding about the savageness in all innocence and explores the concept of fighting for power to gain status and attitude. Power can be gained, won and fought for but the struggle for it can cause inner, social and religious conflict is explored in all three texts some the concept more clearer than others. Arthur Miller explores characters that manifest social and religious conflict initiatedRead MoreSetting Archetypes1258 Words   |  6 Pagesbecame a symbol of an eternal, forbidden paradise. The walled gardens of later Christian art show the Madonna/Virgin Mary figure with baby Jesus protected behind the garden walls, which implies that garden walls protected virginity in young women. William Shakespeare in Romeo and Juliet manages to blend the old and the new in his balcony scene. Japanese gardens, as in Japanese literature, have a totally different cultural history. Intricate landscaping and water features were used to create a place

Iphone and Ethical Issues Essay - 829 Words

On June 29, 2007, Apple Inc. launched sales of the iPhone at Apple and ATT stores across the country. Many hours earlier, enthusiastic customers lined up outside stores to get the first iPhone in their hands. The iPhone is more than just a breakthrough mobile-phone device. It is a strategy that may expand Apples sphere of influence. Apple elegantly combined a mobile phone, mp3 player, and personal digital assistant (PDA) on the same machine characterized by its unique, innovative design. On July 26, a class-action lawsuit was filed against Apple over the iPhone battery. According to the lawsuit, Apple did not disclose that the batteries of the iPhone were not user-replaceable. Apple faces criticism because it did not disclose the†¦show more content†¦This practice allows retailers to sell devices with rebates or discounts. The second ethical dilemma is related to Apples failure to disclose the fact that the battery needs to be replaced after 300 to 400 charges and that customers must surrender their iPhone to Apple for replacement. The iPhone is not a just mobile phone; it is a power hungry device equipped with a touch screen, colorful user interface, portable mp3 player, web browser, PDA and more. Owners of all other mobile phones can purchase and replace their batteries themselves and without risk to the device. By contrast, iPhone owners find it is extremely hard to open the iPhone case. The iPhones battery is glued to the unit, and the wires from the battery to the circuit board are soldered. This clearly shows that Apple does not appear willing to provide a battery replacement option unless design changes are made in future models. The third ethical dilemma is related to problems with the iPhones exclusive carrier, ATT. Currently, the iPhone comes with a 14-day trial period. But ATT service provides a 30-day trial period. This definitely puts customers in an uncomfortable position when they decide to cancel iPhone service after the 14-day trial period. Apple is clearly trying to minimize consumers rights by contradicting its own carriers service plan. Lastly, the most important fact consumers need to realize is that personal information can beShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues, Social Media Influence, and Medical Concerns of the iPhone 5 C Model979 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The iPhone 5 C model has incorporated multiple technologies that could affect the current global atmosphere differently. For instance, the fact that this product can connect to multiple medical gadgets could alter the current medical practices. In addition, its production resulted in ethical issues that could affect its future users and non-users. This is because most of the ethical issues affect the workers (who could be prospective iPhone 5 C users). Another important aspect to noteRead MoreUnethical Issues of Apple Iphone Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesstructure of your assignment on ethical issues of a company selected by you. You may first identify two or three ethical problems and then discuss how to solve them. Remember including relevant citations to support your evidences and viewpoints. Ethical issues in iPhone 1ï ¼Å½ Introduction ï ¼Å½ With an elegant combination of a mobile phone, iPod and personal digital assistant (PDA), iPhone was launched at Apple and ATT stores across the US on June 29, 2007(Place, 2007). iPhone is by no means a prodigiousRead MoreEthical Issues Of Business Are Common1285 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical issues in business are common. However, some people believe that if they just follow the law, that business will be ethically robust. â€Å"No matter how important, the law cannot and should not solve all the difficult issues which currently confront business people† (Cracium, 2015, p.43). Following the law does not always ensure morally sound decisions. Companies and each of their employee’s make choices that can have ethical implications. Ethical standards play a specific and irreplaceableRead MoreThe Iphone Of The Ipad Craze1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe iPhone Craze â€Å"First was the mouse. The second was the click wheel. And now, we re going to bring multi-touch to the market. And each of these revolutionary interfaces has made possible a revolutionary product - the Mac, the iPod and now the iPhone (Iphone Quotes, 2001-2014).† Steve Jobs said this of his company, Apple, which has transformed the world around us. Over the years, the iPhone has evolved from the original to the latest iPhone. This relatively new technology integrates numerousRead More​In Order For A Company Or Professional To Excel In The1408 Words   |  6 Pages​In order for a company or professional to excel in the world of business or technology they have to adopt a code of ethics. A code of ethics is a set of different values and ethical standards that a company or professional must adhere to in order to conduct business. (Byum) One of the biggest companies that have changed not only the technological world but the business world as well is Apple. Si nce the founding of the company in 1976 it has continued to grow and has become one of the highest grossingRead MoreBusiness Ethics: Apple1300 Words   |  5 Pagesin a manner that is ethical and sound. As the world becomes an increasingly global society, people are more aware of how their actions impact the lives and futures of others. One ethical issue that many companies in America face is the decision on whether or not to outsource labor to other countries. The reasons that this conundrum is enticing are obvious. Labor is cheaper overseas and thus saves the company money, adding to an even wider profit margin. This is no small issue and is something whichRead MoreSteve Jobs : A Visionary Leader1632 Words   |  7 Pages Do you care how your wealth is accumulated, or are you simply concerned with the outcome? If you care about how your wealth is accumulated, then you want a pioneer or visionary to champion that endeavor and you probably are concerned about the ethical behavior of that pioneer. In the following paragraphs, I will demonstrate how Steve Jobs was a visionary leader. I will also prove Steve Jobs was an unethical leader. Lastly, I will give personal examples of how I have experienced the same leadershipRead MoreThe Ethical Relationship Between Apple And Foxconn1120 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, society are unaware about the rising ethical issues that are presented behind the production of different technologies. The relationship between Apple and Foxconn displays a strong primary example of the ethical issue. Apple is perceived as one of the dominant technological and innovative company providing the world with its technology. Despite this, Foxconn ultimately faced many ethical issues as a supply chain of Apple’s products. The ethical issues that are presented are low working conditionsRead MoreApple Inc. Ethical Issues1537 Words   |  7 PagesApple’s ethical success and challenges. First I will discuss how Apple’s p hilosophy and organizational culture have impacted how it handles ethical decisions. Secondly, I will talk about why Apple’s industry is so competitive and how this could affect the ethical risk in Apple’s operations. Lastly, I will share my opinion about how Apple has handled the various ethical issues that it has faced in the past. Apple’s philosophy and organizational culture have impacted how it handles ethical decisionsRead MoreThe Legal Battle Between Apple And The Fbi1129 Words   |  5 Pages Personal privacy is a right that people should have; regardless of the government’s demands. Apple, the company, known for making the infamous iPhone and several other traditional electronic devices, doesn’t think the government should be allowed to break into their customer’s iPhones. Resulting in an intense prolonged legal battle between the government and Apple. The legal battle concerns a backdoor master key that would allow the government to see all personal data on a particular Apple device

History Of Computers During World War II - 948 Words

History of Computers Introduction In today’s modern world, it’s hard to imagine life without computers. Throughout the decades, computers have gotten better, faster, and smaller. It’s hard to imagine that before the 20th century almost all calculations were done by mechanical devices such as the electromechanical computers; or, the first digital computers that had huge tubes around them that you had to designate a whole room just to fit the computer in. Today we have Internet, phone book, pictures, videos, telephone, mail, and camera that is compacted into one tiny device that can fit in your pocket. Electromechanical Computers There was a big push for technological advancement during World War II in order to gain the upper hand in the war. The computers built during this time period were mainly electromechanical. The calculations were performed by electrical switches that signaled the mechanical operation. Konrad Zuse, German Computer Engineer, created Z2; one of the very first electromechanical relay computers. It used fixed point arithmetic with 16-bits2. This was an upgrade from the previous one he had made named the Z1. The Z1 had a 22 floating point bit, but was slower2. Therefore, Z2 was more desired because it could compile data quicker. Around the same time, electromechanical devices called ‘bombes’ were created by the British in order to decipher the machines that the Germans had built during World War II3. The US laterShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"The Greatest Generation†: A Study of World War II Technology800 Words   |  4 PagesGeneration†: A Study of World War II Technology To some, World War II may seem like a great war that happened a long time ago, a war where however great the innovations during the war were, they are much out of date now, and so they have no impact on today’s world. But to another, who understand the world and how it grows, realize that wherever a nation is, it is in that position because of its history. This means that without all of the improvements of technology during World War II, the world as we know itRead MoreThe History of Cryptography Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagescodes and ciphers to protect secrets and has been around for centuries. It has its beginnings in ancient Egypt and has played a role in every part of history to its current role in protecting communications across today’s computer networks. In classical times cryptology was not as sophisticated as it is today, but it had its uses for that time in history. The early Greeks used what was called the Scytale Cipher. It was used between the Greek and Spartan armies and was very popular for its ease of useRead MoreInventions and Advancements that Took Place During World War II1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthat took place during World War II have shaped and affected lives around the world. Although most inventions during that time were made specifically for the war, they managed to find their way into mainstream life (Science). Like an infectious disease, technological advancements boomed and became contagious, spreading around the world. World War II has advanced technology, science, math, and medicine; and it has affected the lives of people now and in the 1940s more than any other war fought. RadarRead MoreContributors to the Invention of the Digital Computer and Its Effects on History1096 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the mid-twentieth century many inventions were created in America. The 1900s included important inventions such as the airplane and telephone. Along with this time of innovation and invention came World War II, a large impetus to create something new. The digital computer was just one of these many inventions. The digital computer was invented in around 1940, right within the World War II time period. George Stibitz was recognized as the father of the invention although there were many stepsRead MoreThe American Dream and the Post War Era Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesAfter World War II, America had to take a step back and take a look at their country. The American Dream had been restored upon the atrocities of the war. In the 1930’s the American Dream was primarily focused on working hard, men providing for their families, and trying to rise fro m the depression. In the 1940’s, post World War II things changed and consumerism and feminism began to play a key role along with many other factors. There are many ways to describe the American dream and what aspectsRead MoreThe Influence Of World War And World1248 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Influence of World War II and World War II WANG Jing MScPP TD2 Abstract: This article talk about how World War â…   and World War â… ¡ impact Europe. Describe it through three aspects of political, economic and cultural. Key words: World War I, World War II ,Europe, History, Culture 1. Introduction World War I and World War II were the war mainly battlefield in Europe but spread to the world ad last for years in history. It has a very profound influence on Europe s economy, political and cultureRead MoreComputers Are Born Of Lazy Mathematicians1400 Words   |  6 Pages00101100 00100000 01110111 01101111 01110010 01101100 01100100 00100001 Hello, world! That’s what all of those little ones and zeros mean. Having the computer print out the words, â€Å"Hello, world!† is typically one of the very first programs that students learning to write computer code learns to do. It’s quite a simple and straightforward program by today’s standard. But that hasn’t always been the case. The computer science field has been around much longer than most people realize. It didn’t allRead MoreHistory of the Computer1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe History of the Computer Long before computers were invented, humans realized the need for them. The history of the Computer started about 2000 years ago with the abacus. It is a wooden rack holding two horizontal wires with beads strung on them and was one of the best calculating machines until the seventeenth century (PBS, 1). In 1835, English inventor, Charles Babbage came up with the idea of the Analytical Machine, a general purpose, fully programmed-controlled, automatic mechanical digitalRead MoreComputer Engineering : A Computer1340 Words   |  6 Pages2014 Computer Engineering INTRODUCTION Looking through the various topics of which to write a paper on, I came across computer engineering. For as long as I can remember I have had a fascination with computers. When I was seven years old, I came across a cube shaped object at my grandparent’s house. The object was called a computer, specifically an Apple Emac. My grandpa told me about all the interesting things this computer could preform. From then on, I was fixated on using the computer. EveryRead MoreThe 1950s: A Deacde of Progress and Change in America Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War II had just ended. Women that were working because their husbands were out fighting in the war came back home when the war ended. The 1940’s ended and it was time for a new decade. The 1950’s were looked as a state of mind or a way of living instead of another time in American history. The 1950’s were the most influential decade in American history because the civil rights act began, fashion was completely new and trendy there were more much advancement in entertainment and medicine

Business Management Study Guide Free Essays

Sample Test-Chapter 15 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. An organization expands its private Internet to connect with customers, suppliers, and other partners. This expansion is called its A. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Management Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now intranet B. extranet C. private net D. website E. domain 2. Effective communication begins with A. speaking. B. listening. C. the message. D. two people. E. breaking through noise. 3. When you want your reader to take a logical action, you should lay out your ideas in writing by A. most important to least important. B. least controversial to most controversial. C. egative to positive. D. positive to negative. E. least important to most important. 4. The study of the meaning of words is called A. lexicography. B. rhetoric. C. semantics. D. morphology. E. cartology. 5. Denise and Florence are talking on their cell phones. After Denise reads her a phone number, Florence repeats the number back to Denise. This is an example of A. feedback. B. encoding. C. decoding. D. medium selection. E. noise. 6. A manager needs to communicate about a routine situation with someone she knows whose physical location is not far from her office. Generally, which of the following should the manager use? A. videoconferencing B. telephone C. e-mail D. face-to-face meeting E. newsletter 7. Jason tells Giorgio his cell phone number, and Giorgio nods. Jason then asks Giorgio to repeat back to him the phone number he just gave him. Jason is trying to avoid a(n) __________ barrier. A. encoding B. decoding C. medium D. feedback E. receiver 8. An announcement of the company-sponsored picnic travels from the employees’ social committee to the other employees through email. This communication is __________ and _______. A. external; informal B. horizontal; informal C. vertical; informal D. vertical; formal E. external; formal 9. Which of the following is a personal barrier to communication? A. poor speaking skills B. lack of trustworthiness C. differing frames of reference D. judging others’ messages E. All of the above are personal barriers to communication. 10. Generally, people comprehend about __________ of a typical verbal message. A. 10% B. 35% C. 50% D. 75% E. 90% 11. The drawbacks of using e-mail include which of the following? A. employees can communicate when they are not at company sites B. reduces use of paper C. information overload D. reduced costs of distributing information to employees E. increased teamwork 12. The device that indicates how official communications should be routed is called the A. organization chart. B. organizational culture. C. organizational profile. D. grapevine. E. lateral hierarchy. 13. Top executives at XYZ Company want to let lower level managers know that XYZ is going to be acquired by ABC, Inc. How should they communicate this? (Assume that all of the choices are possible. ) A. send a memo to all managers B. send an e-mail to all managers C. call a meeting of managers D. post a notice on all bulletin boards E. schedule a conference phone call 14. The introduction to a business speech should A. lways contain at least one joke. B. consist of 20 – 30% of the total speaking time. C. get right to the point. D. contain significant details of the presentation. E. always contain an unrelated story to catch the interest of the audience. 15. A female professor uses sports analogies in illustrating her lectures to a group of male students. She is said to be A. a feminist. B. genderflexing. C. copping out. D. miscommunicating. E. ingratiating. 16. XYZ Corporation communicates its revised mission statement to all employees. This is an example of A. external communication. B. downward communication. C. upward communication. D. orizontal communication. E. informal communication. 17. Of the following, which medium is the richest? A. bulletin board B. telephone C. e-mail D. letters E. videoconferencing 18. The type of communication channel that develops outside the organizational structure and does not follow the chain of command is called a(n) __________ communication channel. A. vertical B. horizontal C. external D. formal E. informal 19. According to the textbook, MBWA stands for A. management by wandering around. B. management by walking about. C. management by wishing a lot. D. management by wandering afar. E. management by working afield. 20. Do you actually listen when they’re talking? This is most likely a test of which personal barrier that contributes to communication? A. tendency to judge others’ messages B. variable skills in communicating effectively C. inability to listen with understanding D. faulty listening skills E. stereotypes and prejudices 21. Compared to women, men tend to A. give more tactful feedback. B. praise more. C. be indirect when they don’t know something. D. indicate a lack of certainty about something. E. make apologies. 22. Salvador speaks English as a second language, and sometimes has difficulty coming up with the exact word to express an idea. Salvador is facing a(n) __________ barrier. A. encoding B. decoding C. medium D. feedback E. receiver 23. Which of the following is a â€Å"don’t† toward better nonverbal communication skills? A. maintain eye contact B. look away from the speaker C. lean toward the speaker D. speak in a quiet, reassuring tone E. smile and show animation 24. Speed reading works well for material that is A. unfamiliar. B. easy. C. dense. D. complicated. E. All of the above. 25. A study conducted by AT and Stanford University found that the top predictor of success and professional upward mobility was A. writing ability. B. nterpersonal skills. C. public speaking ability. D. intelligence. E. integrity. Sample Test-Chapter 15 Key 1. (p. 486) An organization expands its private Internet to connect with customers, suppliers, and other partners. This expansion is called its A. intranet B. extranet C. private net D. website E. domain AACSB: 3 BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Kinicki – Chapter 15 #106 Learning Objective: 4 2. (p. 469) Effective communication begins with A. speaking. B. listening. C. the message. D. two people. E. breaking through noise. Effective communication begins with listening: paying attention to the words being spoken. AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #60 Learning Objective: 1 3. (p. 492) When you want your reader to take a logical action, you should lay out your ideas in writing by A. most important to least important. B. least controversial to most controversial. C. negative to positive. D. positive to negative. E. least important to most important. This is a good strategy when the action you want your reader to take is logical and not highly political. AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #121 Learning Objective: 5 4. (p. 75) The study of the meaning of words is called A. lexicography. B. rhetoric. C. semantics. D. morphology. E. cartology. AACSB: 3 BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Kinicki – Chapter 15 #80 Learning Objective: 2 5. (p. 471) Denise and Florence are talking on their cell phones. After Denise reads her a phone number, Florence repeats the number back to Denise. This is an example of A. feedback. B. encoding. C. decoding. D. medium selection. E. noise. Feedback is when the receiver (Florence) expresses his or her reaction to the sender’s (Denise) message (the phone number). AACSB: 3 BT: Application Difficulty: Hard Kinicki – Chapter 15 #64 Learning Objective: 1 6. (p. 473) A manager needs to communicate about a routine situation with someone she knows whose physical location is not far from her office. Generally, which of the following should the manager use? A. videoconferencing B. telephone C. e-mail D. face-to-face meeting E. newsletter Lean media is generally best for routine situations. In order from high to low media richness: face-to-face presence, video-conferences, telephone, personal written media, impersonal written media. E-mail would be the best media to use since the manager knows the person and the situation is outine. AACSB: 3 BT: Application Difficulty: Hard Kinicki – Chapter 15 #71 Learning Objective: 1 7. (p. 475) Jason tells Giorgio his cell phone number, and Giorgio nods. Jason then asks Giorgio to repeat back to him the phone number he just gave him. Jason is trying to avoid a(n) __________ barrier. A. encoding B. decoding C. medium D. feedback E. receiver A feedback barrier is when the recipient doesn’t respond enough. Jason wants Giorgio to repeat the number to be sure he heard it correctly. AACSB: 3 BT: Application Difficulty: Hard Kinicki – Chapter 15 #77 Learning Objective: 2 8. p. 484) An announcement of the company-sponsored picnic travels from the employees’ social committee to the other employees through email. This communication is __________ and _______. A. external; informal B. horizontal; informal C. vertical; informal D. vertical; formal E. external; formal Informal communication channels develop outside the formal structure and do not follow the chain of command. In this case the announcement came from the social committee and was sent to other employees internally outside the formal structure of the company. AACSB: 3 BT: Application Difficulty: Hard Kinicki – Chapter 15 #99 Learning Objective: 3 9. (p. 477) Which of the following is a personal barrier to communication? A. poor speaking skills B. lack of trustworthiness C. differing frames of reference D. judging others’ messages E. All of the above are personal barriers to communication. The choices in the question all refer to personal barriers to communication. AACSB: 3 BT: Communication Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #82 Learning Objective: 2 10. (p. 490) Generally, people comprehend about __________ of a typical verbal message. A. 10% B. 35% C. 50% D. 75% E. 90% Generally, people comprehend only about 35% of a typical verbal message, experts say. AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #115 Learning Objective: 5 11. (p. 486) The drawbacks of using e-mail include which of the following? A. employees can communicate when they are not at company sites B. reduces use of paper C. information overload D. reduced costs of distributing information to employees E. increased teamwork AACSB: 3 BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Kinicki – Chapter 15 #108 Learning Objective: 4 12. (p. 482) The device that indicates how official communications should be routed is called the A. rganization chart. B. organizational culture. C. organizational profile. D. grapevine. E. lateral hierarchy. The organizational chart indicates how official communications—memos, letters, reports, announcements—are supposed to be routed. AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #94 Learning Objective: 3 13. (p. 473) Top executives at XYZ Company want to let lower level managers know that XYZ is going to be acquired by ABC, Inc. How should they communicate this? (Assume that all of the choices are possible. ) A. send a memo to all managers B. send an e-mail to all managers C. all a meeting of managers D. post a notice on all bulletin boards E. schedule a conference phone call This is a nonroutine, unusual event that requires the richest type of communication such as a face-to-face meeting. AACSB: 3 BT: Application Difficulty: Hard Kinicki – Chapter 15 #72 Learning Objective: 1 14. (p. 493) The introduction to a business speech should A. always contain at least one joke. B. consist of 20 – 30% of the total speaking time. C. get right to the point. D. contain significant details of the presentation. E. always contain an unrelated story to catch the interest of the audience. Because everything in your speech should be relevant, try to go right to the point. AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #124 Learning Objective: 5 15. (p. 480) A female professor uses sports analogies in illustrating her lectures to a group of male students. She is said to be A. a feminist. B. genderflexing. C. copping out. D. miscommunicating. E. ingratiating. Genderflexing refers to temporarily using communication behaviors typical of the other gender to increase the potential for influence. For example, a female manager might use sports analogies to motivate a group of males. AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #92 Learning Objective: 2 16. (p. 483) XYZ Corporation communicates its revised mission statement to all employees. This is an example of A. external communication. B. downward communication. C. upward communication. D. horizontal communication. E. informal communication. Downward communication flows from a higher level to a lower level. AACSB: 3 BT: Application Difficulty: Hard Kinicki – Chapter 15 #97 Learning Objective: 3 17. (p. 473) Of the following, which medium is the richest? A. bulletin board B. telephone C. -mail D. letters E. videoconferencing In order from high to low media richness: face-to-face presence, video-conferences, telephone, personal written media, impersonal written media. AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #69 Learning Objective: 1 18. (p. 484) The type of communication channel that develops outside the organizational structure and does not follow the chain of command is called a(n) __________ communication channel. A. vertical B. horizontal C. external D. formal E. informal AACSB: 3 BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Kinicki – Chapter 15 #100 Learning Objective: 3 19. (p. 484) According to the textbook, MBWA stands for A. management by wandering around. B. management by walking about. C. management by wishing a lot. D. management by wandering afar. E. management by working afield. AACSB: 3 BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Kinicki – Chapter 15 #103 Learning Objective: 3 20. (p. 477) Do you actually listen when they’re talking? This is most likely a test of which personal barrier that contributes to communication? A. tendency to judge others’ messages B. variable skills in communicating effectively C. inability to listen with understanding D. faulty listening skills E. stereotypes and prejudices Faulty listening skills includes thinking about what you are going to say when the other person is talking as well as mostly talking about yourself. The test for this barrier is asking yourself, â€Å"Do you actually listen when they’re talking? † AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #83 Learning Objective: 2 21. (p. 480) Compared to women, men tend to A. give more tactful feedback. B. praise more. C. be indirect when they don’t know something. D. indicate a lack of certainty about something. E. make apologies. AACSB: 3 BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Kinicki – Chapter 15 #90 Learning Objective: 2 22. (p. 475) Salvador speaks English as a second language, and sometimes has difficulty coming up with the exact word to express an idea. Salvador is facing a(n) __________ barrier. A. encoding B. decoding C. medium D. feedback E. receiver An encoding barrier is when the message is not expressed correctly. If English is not your first language, then you may have difficulty expressing exactly what you mean to say. AACSB: 3 BT: Application Difficulty: Hard Kinicki – Chapter 15 #76 Learning Objective: 2 23. (p. 80) Which of the following is a â€Å"don’t† toward better nonverbal communication skills? A. maintain eye contact B. look away from the speaker C. lean toward the speaker D. speak in a quiet, reassuring tone E. smile and show animation AACSB: 3 BT: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Kinicki – Chapter 15 #88 L earning Objective: 2 24. (p. 491) Speed reading works well for material that is A. unfamiliar. B. easy. C. dense. D. complicated. E. All of the above. Psychologists have found that speed reading or skimming may work well with easy or familiar reading material, but it can lead to problems with dense or unfamiliar material. AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #119 Learning Objective: 5 25. (p. 493) A study conducted by ATT and Stanford University found that the top predictor of success and professional upward mobility was A. writing ability. B. interpersonal skills. C. public speaking ability. D. intelligence. E. integrity. A study conducted by AT T and Stanford University found that the top predictor of success and professional upward mobility is how much you enjoy public speaking and how effective you are at it. AACSB: 3 BT: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Kinicki – Chapter 15 #123 Learning Objective: 5 How to cite Business Management Study Guide, Papers

Implementation of ERP Systems-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the ERP and its implementation. Answer: Introduction An Enterprise Resource Planning is a system by which companies manages and integrates the important parts of its business. It is a management system which covers different areas of an enterprise such as planning, purchasing, inventory, finance, marketing, human resource department and logistics (Ganesh et. al. 2014). It is the most commonly used software that uses a common data base through a database management which is systemized and which cover all the area of function and perform core activities which helps in increasing efficiency of the enterprise and the quality of work (Panayiotou, et.al. 2015). Mesfine Industrial Engineering (MIE) Pvt. Ltd. is metal construction and electromechanical engineering in Ethiopia. The company has recently adopted an ERP system. Implementation of ERP is much more difficult than developing a computer application which supports a single business function. This report includes key elements of ERP, different phases of process and problems faced by MIE in its implementation. It also explains the risk associated with this project and how MIE deals with that risk. Analysis of various factors Need of Enterprise Resource Planning To have a uniform information system in their business and to re-design its processes, many firms across the world have adopted and implemented ERP system. The need of ERP mainly arises in small and medium sized companies as they have an average growth rates and also suffers from the consequences of differences between what they have in their legacy systems and what they require to compete with the global environment. SMEs also face problems related to the collection of information, they need for conducting their operations (Xu, 2017). The data is piled up in the accounting systems, stand-alone spreadsheets and is not in the integrated form. Implementing ERP has helped SMEs in improving their business performance by better inventory control, proper reporting to take decisions, optimization of process, improving the quality of supply chain process and increasing the transparency in the functions performed by the company. ERP directly helps in reducing the cost in order to improve oper ating margins and also to increase the quality of customer services (Bradford, M., 2015). As far as MIE is concerned, the company has used five systems before ERP in past years which were developed by the local vendors and the company itself. MIE was facing problems regarding these systems as they were very expensive to use and difficult to maintain and develop. The data provided by them was not accurate and relevant for taking timely decisions and assessing the performance. One of the major system implemented by MIE was MERLIN (mechanized evaluation of resources, logistics and inventory) which was basically a scheduling system but was susceptible to manual manipulations. Corporate cost accounting was an additional system used by MIE to monitor its transactions financially but it also had problems of interfacing with different functions. On a whole, all the legacy systems used by the company did not contribute in establishing a direct contact with customers and suppliers. On the top of that, the systems did not help the company in increasing its growth in the changing global environment. This gave the rise to the need of ERP system in Mesfine Industrial Engineering. ERP will help the company in overcoming all its challenges and increasing its success rate. MIE formed a project team for implementing this system who includes the staff who have vital knowledge about the cross-sectional business relationships and experience of old internal system. The project consists of a management team which includes specialists from the external consulting company Syscorp. This company was chosen because of its experience in the manufacturing industries. The company has a specialized talents of Microsoft Dynamics SL consultants and also took the responsibilities for facilitating the project. MIE adopted the Microsoft Dynamics SL and used it (Harris and Schult, 2016). Problems during Implementation In implementing the ERP systems, many issues or problems were faced by MIE which are categorized as follows: Cultural Problems Some areas of the business which were functioning better than the old legacy system dii not completely accept ERP. Moreover, unlike legacy systems, some process or functions of the new system did not get the full and high appreciation from the areas. Thus, this made the project team to re-engineer their original plan by showing the improvements to be made in the company and by addressing training and cultural changes. Business Problems The company adopted Microsoft Dynamic SL and to make it work successfully the participants of cross-functional workshops have to change their working practices according to it. It means MIE need to change its way of doing business. To achieve this, the company used an internal business processing reengineering program (BPR), consisted of four steps. The first two steps involved the mapping of current process and identification of the problems in the same. The third one includes applying some of the identified problems to a demo of Microsoft Dynamic SL so as to determine potential issues within the new system. The fourth and last step ask for the modification in the processes align with MDSL (Harwood, 2017). Technical Problems Accuracy of the data was the main technical problem faced by MIE. The new system needs the recovery of old data from legacy systems so as to store it in a sensible data format in the new system. This could cause the duplication of the data which was a major concern for MIE, because in some areas, old systems still kept running which can be put out of use by the new system. For doing this, IT department develop interfaces between the systems. To alter the file formats, MIE uses the same CAD system. So accuracy and replication of data were the key technical problems of the company (Kapp, Latham and Ford-Latham, 2016). Different phases of implementation process The ERP project of MIE goes through various phases. Following are: Phase 1: Organization of project The first phase involves setting of the scope of project and its outline plan and costing. Development of objectives and implementation plan is done in this phase. MIE formed a team to control and overlook the process and a committee was also formed for providing financial guidance. In this stage, the roles and responsibilities of project team, process of implementation, goals, plan and scope of the project, tracking process and implementation schedule is decided (Sun, Ni and Lam, 2015). Phase 2: System definition The scope of MISs Microsoft Dynamics SL implementation has been defined in this stage which results in the creation of blueprint of the business. Activities that are carried out in stage 2 includes defining the new policies and procedures, developing prototype of modules, reviewing the flow of information and explaining external system interface. During this phase, the core structures of project are identified. For research and development, an Integrated program management was adopted which covers the entire business. Moreover, a change was made in the timings of phase one and a change in schedule was also possible without an increase in cost. Phase 3: Environment development The system is physically implemented in this phase. The stage concerns with the design of system and the changes taking place in the working of company. As it was a large implementation, MIE divides the process in two parts. First deals with the replacement of legacy system, introduction of IPM and SFDM and ended with MDSL project. The main aim of first part is to give new capabilities for the production. The second part was almost of one year consists of purchasing, inventory, implementing requisition and order management. By this time legacy systems were eliminated and MDSL becomes the executive system (Fischer, et. al. 2017). Phase 4: Conference Room Pilot (CRP) A small-scale pilot of the system runs in this stage and for this a facility called production shop was chosen. This facility uses the materials which are at the low volume form external suppliers and internal units. The main aim of the pilot is to define business processes, principles and procedures, software, hardware and data transfers. Second pilot was also run for nonproduction purchasing and to explore the interaction between legacy systems and Microsoft Dynamics SL, a third pilot was also carried out (Piazolo, et. al. 2017). Phase 5: End user training This phase deals with providing trainings to the users enabling them to enhance their abilities and confidence in running system, to increase their potential in relating the system with daily operations and to give them a better view of global systems features. This will improve their skills and understanding to a desired level. Various modules are covered under training like finance, HR, distribution, manufacturing, project modules and system training (Altamony, et. al. 2016). Phase 6: Final preparation This is the final phase of implementation known as go-live. All the stages completed and the work is to put an ultimate test of the production uses of software. This phase includes several issues that are to be carefully addressed by project team. The main functions to be performed in the project were live preparation and reconciliation of data and live database initialization. Phase 7: Go live to Dynamics SL In this phase, the main problem is to transfer the data from legacy system to the new system. The volume of data that needed to be transferred is greater than any normal transaction load. For doing this successfully, the data has to be kept in stable form for some time. Initial data which is transferred include some transaction data and if any changes occur in the data on the old system, they are then logged and passed through the new system. The next step in go-live process concerns with the running of MRP system in order to make the whole system fresh. After the completion of go-live, old system kept on view only mode which enable the comparison between new and old system. At the end, legacy system are been phased out (Goyal, 2011). Project risk MIEs ERP project covers the various areas of entire business which are associated with risks. A risk analysis method (RAM) was used by the team to determine the most important risks and their chances of being present in the company. Every risk associated issue was critically viewed by the team. Some of the major risks are: Failure in deciding goals due to the conflict between the directions in the organization Absence of reliable IT hardware and software during implementation MIE and Syscorp provide inappropriate support after implementation. Opposition by the management and supervision for accepting the new change Instead of treating as a change in process methods, management treated the project as a simple IT implementation (Halford, 2016). Inefficient education given to the workers regarding the new system Failure to the new system due to the inability of loading data. Inadequate systems of testing volume, stress and conversion of data. Failure in giving priority to ERP because of the improvements going in the business. Difficulties in maintaining bridged legacy systems. Accounts of the company may get impacted with this project (Abu-Shanab, Abu-Shehab and Khairallah, 2015). Considering the above risks, the team adopted a characteristics analysis method (CAM) for the successful management of ERP project. The method lay emphasis on the aspects of management that are required to be covered to manage ERP. Human Resource Management was given a special attention in this project as it exceeds the critical level according to CAM. In addition to this, communication management, purchase management and other leadership skills are at the critical level. CAM provides a clear view to MIE regarding the cost incurred and time spent in the project along with the technical and operational risk involved (Jinno, Abe and Iizuka, 2017) Conclusion After facing all the difficulties and dealing with all the risks, MIE successfully implemented its ERP system. The company has understood all the aspects regarding such a large project and has formed a solid team for its implementation. The team used the special skills of consultants for producing a sound framework for the project. For managing the risk, CAM and RAM are the tools which are been used by the company. Once the system became at its executive level, all the benefits will be enjoyed. The lower IT cost will be visible when the system will be stable and when the users adjust to the changing working practices. Instant benefit will be of delivering the customers on time. Improvement in the supply chain process will also be there as the transactions become easier through electronic communication. Proper management of database will also be there as the data is stored centrally and is extracted from operational and technical databases. From the case study of Mesfine, it can be co ncluded that ERP implementation should be encouraged in the companies as it is the best way of sharing experiences with the companies of same nature. Issues or problems related to post-implementation should also be considered such as strategic needs and the requirements for sustaining the effectiveness of enterprise information system. References Panayiotou, N.A., Gayialis, S.P., Evangelopoulos, N.P. and Katimertzoglou, P.K., 2015. A business process modeling-enabled requirements engineering framework for ERP implementation.Business Process Management Journal,21(3), pp.628-664. Abu-Shanab, E., Abu-Shehab, R. and Khairallah, M., 2015. Critical success factors for ERP implementation: The case of Jordan.The International Arab Journal of e-Technology,4(1), pp.1-7. Altamony, H., Tarhini, A., Al-Salti, Z., Gharaibeh, A. and Elyas, T., 2016. The relationship between change management strategy and successful enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations: A theoretical perspective.International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research,7(4), pp.690-703. Bradford, M., 2015.Modern ERP: select, implement, and use today's advanced business systems. Lulu. com. Fischer, M., Heim, D., Janiesch, C. and Winkelmann, A., 2017, May. Assessing Process Fit in ERP Implementation Projects: A Methodological Approach. InInternational Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems(pp. 3-20). Springer, Cham. Ganesh, K., Mohapatra, S., Anbuudayasankar, S.P. and Sivakumar, P., 2014.Enterprise Resource Planning: Fundamentals of Design and Implementation. Springer. Goyal, D.P., 2011.Enterprise Resource Planning. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Halford, C.D., 2016.Implementing Safety Management Systems in Aviation. Routledge. Harris, R. and Schultz, T., 2016. Teaching ERP Implementation with Microsoft Dynamics Sure Step.Proceedings of DYNAA,7(1). Harwood, S. (2017).ERP: The Implementation Cycle. Routledge. Jinno, H., Abe, H. and Iizuka, K., 2017. Consideration of ERP Effectiveness: From the Perspective of ERP Implementation Policy and Operational Effectiveness.Information,8(1), p.14. Kapp, K.M., Latham, W.F. and Ford-Latham, H., 2016.Integrated learning for ERP success: A learning requirements planning approach. CRC press. Piazolo, F., Geist, V., Brehm, L. and Schmidt, R. eds., 2017.Innovations in Enterprise Information Systems Management and Engineering: 5th International Conference, ERP Future 2016-Research, Hagenberg, Austria, November 14, 2016, Revised Papers(Vol. 285). Springer. Sun, H., Ni, W. and Lam, R., 2015. A step-by-step performance assessment and improvement method for ERP implementation: Action case studies in Chinese companies.Computers in Industry,68, pp.40-52. Xu, H., 2017. What SMEs need to focus on in order to obtain benefits of ERP systems?

Tbb Culture Part Eleven Fashion and the Image free essay sample

Photography as been seen as lightweight end of photography due to it`s close relationship to the fashion industry, which is dependent on fast turnover; transitory, commercial Fashion advertisement in particular is seen as denying the purity of the image shows the typical, stylised instead of the unique moment/event; has nothing artistic (stylised fashion shoot, controlled, created, unnatural, uniform and monotone, all are essentially the same in their aim to sell clothes) captured moment in â€Å"real† photography is most powerful point in which the real world reproduces itself Walter Benjamin, 1940`ies: Although photography has its origins in reproduction of nature by the machine, fashion and advertisement photography must be studied as a process of mechanical reproduction of the contrived (arrangiert) moment 80`ies/90`ies: Fashion photography reflects segmentation of the fashion market place between mass production and couture: upper end: blurred images which reject garment and human body rely on viewer`s familiarity with designer`s logo (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Tbb Culture Part Eleven: Fashion and the Image or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. Yamomoto, Miyake, Comme des Garcons); connection to art mass-production end: mail ordering catalogues; emphasise our awareness of self-image and establish a relationship USA: not â€Å"impressionistic†, but â€Å"lifestyle† images on both ends of the market Brooks is a feminist highlights Power relations and heightened sexuality in work by Newton Bourdin 1970`ies: No recognisable ideal; Models came off an assembly line; No individuality; Converting utopias into dystopias Helmut Newton: manipulating Stereotypes ictures raise questions about what is going on no obvious product pictures are distant from viewer; settings are unusual and strange uses technology / film / art artificiality is emphasised pictures presented as alien rather than as an invitation; they are both: general typical, restricted individual stereotyping through suppression of awareness of stereotype and by identification with the unique model as object; they are so completely stereotyped that they become unreal (e. g. mixing dummies with real models for French Vogue in 1977) poses appear dead and frozen; strange with a discontinuous, fragmented nature (like film stills); completely malleable (nothing to do with reality)